Open Science paradigm involves transformations throughout the entire cycle of scientific research. Decision-makers play thekey role of paradigm change facilitators. Consequently, the promotion of Open Science requires a political commitment.Even though Open Science movement emerged at the international level back in 2002, its principles are being implemented quite slowly inthe Republic of Moldova.Thus, the current study aims to analyze the importance and benefits of Open Science policy implementation, the strategic priorities of theRepublic of Moldova on Open Science, barriers in transition to Open Science in the Republic of Moldova, and identification of the key actorsin development, adoption, and implementation of Open Science policies in the Republic of Moldova.The study employed a mixed method: survey among members of the scientific community (quantitative data collection) and semi-structuredinterviews of the key informants in Open Science policies and practices (qualitative data collection).