Small mammals are the main reservoirs of a range of pathogens that can cause diseases in humans, some extremely dangerous as tularemia, leptospirosis, Q fever, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever etc. The diversity of small mammal communities from orders Insectivora and Rodentia, their extensive spread in various natural and anthropogenic ecosystems contributes to maintaining and activation of existing natural and anthropogenic outbreaks, potentially widening the spread area of pathogen agents. Scientific studies of small mammals’ communities from faunistic and medical point of view are necessary in order to obtain updated epidemiological and ecological information for reasoning the complex measures to control zooanthroponosis diseases. The studies have been performed in 2011-2015 in various types of ecosystems from different zones of Moldova territory. In the northern zone the studies were performed in Ocnita, Briceni, Glodeni and Șoldănești districts; in the center – Chișinău city, districts of Ungheni, Hincești, Orhei and Anenii Noi; in the southern zone – Ștefan Vodă, Cahul, Taraclia and Ceadir Lunga districts, within the scientific reserves”Codrii”, ”Plaiul Fagului”, ”Pădurea Domnească” and ”Prutul de Jos”, as well as in anthropized ecosystems. The material in the field was collected using snap traps. In sentinel points of annual and multiannual surveys there were processed on the whole 23417 trap/days and 5243 small mammals have been caught in spring, summer and autumn periods. Small mammals were investigated by microbiological methods for the presence of tularemia, leptospirosis, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever and yersinosis pathogen agents in the laboratory of Centre of surveillance and control of transmissible diseases and biological safety of the National Center for Public Health. In the study period 22 species of small mammals have been caught and identified, of which 17 species belong to order Rodentia and 5 to Insectivora. The most frequent and wide spread were the species Clethrionomys glareolus, Apodemus sylvaticus, A.agrarius, A.uralensis, Mus spicilegus, M.musculus and Microtus sp. that have been registered in all the studied areas and in the most of ecosystems. The mean multiannual capture rate of small mammals was of 22.4%, varying from 14.7% (in 2012) to 31.2% (in 2014). The obtained laboratory results showed the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica antigen in species A.sylvaticus, A.agrarius, Rattus norvegicus and Microtus sp., captured from forest, paludous and agricultural biotopes in Glodeni, Ungheni and Cahul districts. Positive results were established in 0.8% from the total number of investigated small mammals. Specific antibodies to Leptospirosis were identified only in small mammals caught in the North (Briceni, Glodeni, Ocniţa) in most of investigated biotopes. Positive results were found in 1.2% of small mammals investigated, of which 71.9% are attributed to Briceni district. A high diversity of species affected by leptospira was recorded (C.glareolus, A.flavicollis, A.agrarius, A.sylvaticus, A.uralensis, M.spicilegus, M.musculus, Arvicola terrestris, Sorex araneus), which ensure the natural and anthropogenic outbreaks maintainance, where their annual activation is registered, but also conditions for formation of new outbreaks and increasing the risk of disease spread among human population. The antigen of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (FHCC) was determined in 15.1% of investigated small mammals, being affected the species A.uralensis, A.sylvaticus, A.agrarius, C. glareolus and Microtus sp. FHCC area of spreading included territories all across the country: North (Glodeni, Soldanesti), Centre (Orhei) and South (Ceadir Lunga and Taraclia). Increased circulation of FHCC virus in nature was recorded in forest biotopes, forest edge, forest belts and rest camps located in the forest – places permanently frequented by humans. Examination of small mammals to detect causative agent of tularemia did not show positive results during the study period. According to national statistics data during 2011-2015 87 cases of yersiniosis, 37 cases of leptospirosis and two cases of tularemia in the human population have been reported. Thus, the circulation of mentioned causative agents in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems is favored by 11 species (C.glareolus, Microtus sp., A.sylvaticus, A.agrarius, A. uralensis, A.flavicollis, M.spicilegus, M.musculus, R.norvegicus, Ar.terrestris, S.araneus) of 22 identified during 2011-2015 in Moldova. A. sylvaticus and A.agrarius species present in almost all the investigated biotopes participate in the formation of mixed infection outbreaks and the occurrence of people in their area increases the risk of concomitant contracting several zooantroponosis diseases. Continuous monitoring of small mammals populations allow the determination of high risk territories, quantify the level of risk to public health by developing recommendations for the population in general, for risk groups (farmers, zootechnicians, foresters etc.) in order to prevent the emergence and spread of zooantroponosis diseases.