During drought season 2012 y. the two soybean cultivars (Glycine max L) were cultivated in fi eld experiment on calcareous chernozem with mineral fertilizers amendment (Psuperphosphate 60 kg/hа, Nurea 10 and 20, NNH4 nitrate 20 kg/hа). The urease and phosphatase activities from rhizospheric soil (0-20 cм) and thin, non-lignifi ed soybean roots were assessed at fl owering and pod forming phases (soil water content consisted 19% and 33% of water holding capacity, WHC). The strongest factor affecting the soil and root enzyme activities was the soil water content. The infl uence of plant cultivar and mineral fertilizers was statistic signifi cant, but to a lesser extent. The maximum content of mobile P in the rhizosphere soil of both soybean cultivars (4.3 ... 4.8 mg 100 g-1 dry soil) was detected after using Ps with Nurea 20 kg/ha. In comparison to the cultivar Aura, the Indra one revealed the higher activity of dominant phosphatases (alkaline - in the rhizosphere and acid – in the roots), which correlated with lower content of P at its rhizosphic soil (especially when Ps was combined with Nurea20), and with a high productivity of indicated cultivar in this treatment.