Currently, about the danger of global climate warming, the need for an integrated assess-ment of plant resistance to the action of extreme temperatures is becoming increasingly evident. A model object to study the mechanisms of plant resistance to stress factors is the golden root (Rhodiola rosea L.), a precious medicinal plant that grows spontaneously in the mountains of most continents of the globe. She also grows in the Carpathian Mountains at an altitude of 1500 – 2000 meters. Moreover, existing information is that golden root plants also grow spontaneo-usly at low altitudes near the seashore in Alaska and Sakhalin, with a pronounced continental climate. Although several types of research were provided in the past, the relative role of the different specific adaptations that determined the species’ survival in the mentioned conditions is still unknown. To study the resistance mechanisms of plants to abiotic stress factors and their influence on the survival and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants, during the last 20 years, we have carried out research with the golden root at the cellular, tissular, whole plant, and plantation levels in field conditions.