The article presents an analysis of W. Garveys and B. Griffith’s (1971) and J. Hurd’s (2000) theoretical models of scientific communication. The analysis of these models indicates main actors and functions in scientific communication. Technological developments in areas such as digitization and networking are changing scholarly communication in fundamental ways. This paper describes the different possible models of scientific communication and library’s role in this system. This paper presents the SWOT analysis of Moldovan libraries regarding their participation in scientific communication process. The paper finally explores required transformations in Moldovan libraries in the context of changing scientific communication paradigm.