Contributions to the knowledge of the evolutionary changes of small rodent communities under the conditions of anthropogenic and climatic changes in the Republic of Moldova. The study of small rodent communities was carried out during about 50 years including the transition from cooperative agriculture on large areas to that of farmers on small areas. The presence of 14 species was identified, of which 2 species - the common hamster - Cricetus cricetus and the pygmy mouse - Mycromys minutis, are listed in the Red Book of the republic. Populations of gen. Apodemus, Mus, Microtus and C. glareolus registered the most individuals, constituting a share of about 93% of the total number of colected individuals. The population of rare species have greatly decreased.