Vinasse is the liquid residuum obtained from the distillation of the raw material in order to make distilled brands of wines [1]. It represents an opalescent or slightly turbid liquid of golden-red colour with a specific smell of thermal treatment and a sour taste. Annually, about 50,000 m3 of vinasse are accumulated in the country [2] and its amount is continuously growing. One m3 of vinasse contains 1.6 kg of NPK. Its testing, in the course of two years as fertilizer in vineyards, showed positive effect on the soil agrochemical indexes and the productivity of vine grapes. The paper characterizes the composition and the properties of the vinasse from the point of view of its impact on the soil agro-chemical and agro-improvement properties. The indexes that directly influence the modification of the quality state of the soil have been determined, so as to derive benefit from vinasse, if possible, as a fertilizing source and to diminish the negative impact on natural water quality, as a result of its direct discharge into surface waters.