Pragmatics as a part of semiotics interprets the relation of a symbol to its users. Pragmatics reveals new aspects in phonology – Trubetskoy’s theory of phonological opposition- that were touched only implicitly by the scientist. “Principles of phonology“ show how a phoneme as a unit of language is realizing in the speech turning into a sound. Taking the form of relevant signs the phoneme enriches itself by irrelevant ones, their appearance being partially conditional upon linear sequence of ranking linguistic units – morphemes, words, syntagms. In terms of pragmatics the phoneme performs a locutionary speaking act which is followed by an illocutionary act in the hierarchic structure of an illocutionary macro-act. Phonology represents a methodological pattern for all the linguistic studies including semantics where it has been successfully applied.