Medical language belongs to the so-called languages for specialists. It differs from everyday language in the specification of terminology and partially overlaps over the everyday usage due to its constant development. Medical terminology is one of the most complicated and contradictory languages where medical errors can be deadly serious and lead to life-threatening situations. When translating medical information should the specialized translator use the medical term or the lay term for a medical condition, diagnosis, treatment or drug label? Actually the choice of terminology depends on its target audience, whether it is used by professionals or common population. This term-duality comes up frequently in the Romanian language, too. Having a clear understanding the translation purpose will help facilitate the process of specialized translation.