ntroduction. Postoperative scar endometriosis (PSE) is a rare pa tho-logy caused by gynecological-obstetrical surgery and has an incidence of 0.03-1,8%. The aim of the study was to assess the features of diagnosis and surgical treatment. Material and methods. The research in-clu ded 31 cases of PSE surgically treated within two clinical facilities during 1991-2015. Results. The mean age of the patients with PSE was 30.5±1.1 (95% CI: 28.44-32.55) years. PSE developed after 44.2±2.9 (95% CI: 38.30-50.02) months. Anterior abdominal wall PSE accounted for 81% (25/31). Characteristic features for PSE were found: prevalence in the left corner of the postoperative scar after Pfannenstiel incision in 88% (22/25) of cases, monofocal PSE in 90% (28/31), localization in fascia and muscles in 52% (13/25). The diagnostic workout included: ultrasonography (n=15), Doppler USG (n=9), CT and MRI (n=10). All patients underwent enbloc surgical excision of the PSE with a 5-10 mm margin of the unaffected surrounding tissues. The aponeurosis de fect was closed by: aponeurosis suture (n=15), abdominal alloplasty with synthetic meshes (n=3). Histopathology studies of the resected spe-cimens confirmed PSE. Immunohistochemistry exhibited diffuse ex-pres sion for CD10 in cytogenic stroma, nuclear coloration of the en do-me trial gland and stromal cells nucleum, progesterone receptors (PR) and estrogen receptors (ERα). Conclusion. PSE should be included in the differential diagnosis of solid masses found in the postoperative scar. Imaging has an important role in establishing the diagnosis and sur gical tactics.