The right to work is considered one of the fundamental human rights. For most people, work is the main source of income and existence. The exclusion of all possible forms of discrimination in the field of labor and employment is a permanent priority of several legal organizations, the main one being the International Labor Organization. The labor market, in the Republic of Moldova, is free and constitutes the framework for asserting the rights to work and to social protection of persons able to work. At the moment, the Republic of Moldova implements the Employment Strategy for the years 2017–2020, which presents an integrated approach of the relevant policies both from the perspective of demand development and from the perspective of efficient supply management on the labor market. The Strategy also proposes realistic solutions and measures that, under the conditions of adequate funding, contribute to the achievement of the general objective of increasing the level of formal employment, based on economic competitiveness, adequate skills and qualifications, under conditions of sustainable and inclusive development. The study aims to analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of the protection of people at risk of unemployment. Thus, the protection of people at risk of unemployment represents the measures of employment, which are applied in order to prevent unemployment, to increase the chances of employment of the people looking for a job, to stimulate the employers for the employment of the unemployed and the creation of new jobs. At the same time, they contribute to ensuring the realization of strategies and policies developed to protect people at risk of unemployment, to ensure a high level of employment, to adapt the labor force to the demands of the labor market.