The existing theoretical framework on resilience, for over 40 years, has undergone transformations that have strengthened its conceptual maturity. The changes referred to adjustment and accuracy in the content, but also to the extension of the scope of intervention. Studies that initially included children and adolescents considered resilient, expanded rapidly in adults and the elderly. The resilience processes initially studied in the individual were subsequently transferred to the family and to the social group studies. This article aims to structure the most important interpretative paradigms of the resilience process.