Work-related injuries and occupational diseases greatly affect the economy at the national level. Thus, on the one hand, the people with an affected health status will no longer be able to be included in the field of work and, thus, the tax collections on the state budget will be reduced and, on the other hand, the state budget will have to bear the insurance the medical services required for this category of persons, as well as the payment of pensions. The effects of work-related injuries and occupational diseases are reflected at the microeconomic level, through production losses, reinvestment expenses in the labour force, etc., and at the macroeconomic level, respectively by social insurance, medical assistance expenses, diminishing the possibility of being placed in the work field. By conducting this study, we propose an analysis of the impact of work-related injuries and occupational diseases on the Romanian economy. This objective is to be achieved with the help of qualitative analysis, namely the inventory of specialized literature, as well as with the help of quantitative analysis, the necessary data is collected from sources such as www.ec.europa.eu, www.insse.ro, www.ssmregis.ro. Thus, we can affirm that one of the aspects of the economic dimension of the phenomenon envisaged is the economic effects of accidents and occupational diseases, respectively their consequences on the elements and the functioning of micro and macroeconomics.