A diagnosis of mental disability leads to certain unique ways of approaching it in the context of current educational requirements. It is necessary to have a good understanding of the specific needs of children with mental disabilities and of strategies to improve the quality of their life. Mental disability is a state of developmental deficiency that results in a significant limitation of the intellect or cognition and a poor adaptation to the demands of daily life. This article refers to educational therapy as an integral part of the educational-therapeutic process in kindergarten, as well as to the risk factors encountered in the development of the competences of mental functions and processes in preschoolers with mental retardation.