All living organisms show a number of age-related morphological, biochemical and physiological changes. The problem of preserving the functional activity of a person to a very old age is one of the most complex and relevant in modern science. The human nervous system is most sensitive to age-related changes. The purpose of our work was to identify the most common agerelated changes in the nervous system. To achieve this purpose, scientific articles were searched in the Google Scholar Base, search engine for the keywords: nervous system / brain and aging; agerelated changes in the central nervous system / brain, etc. Total of 56 scientific papers were selected and analyzed. Many researchers indicate that the most characteristic age-related changes are a decrease in the mass of gray and white matter in the brain, a decrease in the number of neurons in combination with an increase in the number of glial cells in the cerebral cortex, and a change in the vascular circulation of the brain. However, Pakkenberg B. et al. (2003) proved that during physiological aging the number of neurons decreases by only 10%, and the number of glia cells increases slightly, however, neuron death increases significantly when neurodegenerative diseases occur. Anisimov V. N. (2008) indicates that an age-related change in lipid composition in brain cells reduces the viscosity of membranes, which contributes to an imbalance of trace elements, electrolytes and a decrease in water content. Keller J.N. (2006), Powell S. R. (2005) and Moreno-Garcia A. (2018) suggest that the characteristic markers of aging are the accumulation of amyloid bodies, neuromelanin, lipofuscin, etc.However, the role of these substances in aging and age-related changes in brain function remains unclear. Gallagher D. (1980), Roth G. S. (1988) and Rehman H. U. (2001) indicate a change in the concentration and desynchronization of the formation of serotonin, catecholamines and others neurotransmitters in the period of diminution of functions and believe that the reason for these disorders is to reduce the number of receptors. Petersen R. C (2000) and Li S. C. (2001) note a gradual decrease in cognitive function with age. And according to Anisimov V.N. (2008), the functional usefulness of the central nervous system persists until the very advanced years and claims that the most common and significant age-related changes are slowness of behavior, which is determined by a decrease in the speed of the pulse along the peripheral nerves, namely an increase in old age reaction times are mediated by impaired posture, slowness and loss of coordination when walking, writing and other targeted motor acts. Thus, the aging process triggers a cascade of morphophysiological and neuroendocrine changes in the nervous system, however, the degree of these changes does not always correspond to the severity of human brain functions.