In this scientific paper, we will touch the theoretical and methodological aspects of economic security as a major problem of the evolution of the national economy. The concept of economic security is of paramount importance thanks to different dimensions, major differences between the realities that characterize it, the purpose and the context in which the evaluation is made, as well as the difference of perception of the social reality. As a result of our quantifying the level of economic security and its impact on the evolution of the national economy of the Republic of Moldova, we will identify the economic and social problems of the country and the ways of minimizing them.