The purpose of this research consists in study the grain sector development seen as a solution to overcome the poverty of the population in rural areas of Republic of Moldova. At the basis of this research were used a series of working methods and procedures such as analysis and synthesis, deduction, as the statistic method and research the scientific literature, etc. The research revealed that in the long and difficult transition period to Republic of Moldova to a market economy, the grain sector continues to be one of the main sub – agricultural sectors in the country. As a conclusion we highlight the following: the food security represents one of the highest priorities of government, most debates from Moldova concerning food security have focused on aspects of production and ensuring with bread at low prices.