Republic Moldova is a country with long history of winemaking. Understanding the microorganism on the grape surface is very important to the winemaking process, and it's also a national strategy of development of the wine industry. In this study, twenty seven samples from three regions and three vintages in Republic of Moldova were studied. The conventional microbiological methods combine with molecular methods (PCR-DGGE) have been used for study the quantity and the quality of microbes. The result show that the yeast population on the berries are variable in different vintages, and in the climatic factors, the Cool nigt index (CI) affect the yeast most. From the identification result, A.Pullulans and R.glutins are two culture which are easy to be found on the Moldova grapes. The autochthonous S.cerevisiae also been identified, but it shows a different results from different vintages.