The article examines various aspects of Moldova’s water resources, water quality, legislation, programs of water supply and sanitation developed in recent years at the national level. Although Moldova has water reserves, the country currently faces a number of problems, including widespread use of deep groundwater, an unbalanced mismanagement of water purifi cation systems which are physically and morally obsolete. Among the conclusions, there is the need to elaborate a conception of development of water supply systems and sanitation, which would include water supply to villages, from surface and transit water, minimizing the use of groundwater.