Non-performance of contractual obligations represents a fundamental aspect of civil law and contractual relationships, with significant implications in the legal and economic spheres. This issue raises essential questions regarding the legal consequences of failing to fulfill obligations assumed in a contract and how it affects the relationships between parties. The legal nature of non-performance of contractual obligations can be analyzed from various perspectives, including theories of civil liability, contractual consequences, and principles of contract law. The analysis of this concept is essential for understanding the functioning of contractual relationships and legal systems in general. In essence, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of non-performance of contracts in different contexts and to propose solutions and strategies for managing these situations, contributing to the development of knowledge in the field of contract law and business. The aim of the paper is to analyse and discuss the legal, commercial, and social impact and implications of non-performance of obligations specified in a contract, including in the context of climate change, circular economy and sustainable development. The non-performance of contracts in business is a current issue with significant implications in the legal and business world. It is essential for contracting parties to understand the consequences and to develop appropriate strategies to prevent and efficiently manage such situations. The study of non-performance of contractual obligations aims not only to understand its consequences but also to contribute to the improvement of the process of contract formation and management, thereby safeguarding the interests of the parties involved in commercial relationships.