In the actual context of the cohesion policy, the specific challenges of the European Union are to strengthen the economic, social, and territorial cohesion based on the Union’s political priorities according to the green and digital transition. The presentation analysis of the challenges and opportunities of the labour market in the conditions of the transition to the climate-neutral economy. The research methodology is based on the research of specialized literature in the field about green transition and the comparative analysis of the data on green jobs from International Renewable Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation and Eurostat. The results are that the implementation of the green economy is a multilevel process. In addition to the industrial restructuring, the implementation process includes the reform of the university curriculum and professional training systems, active employment strategies, and effective regional social protection networking.