Elements of the evolution of agroecological potential of arable chernozem soils under climate change conditions
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631.147:631.31:631.445.4 (1)
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STADNIC, Angela, JIGĂU, Gheorghe. Elements of the evolution of agroecological potential of arable chernozem soils under climate change conditions. In: Natural sciences in the dialogue of generations, 14-15 septembrie 2023, Chişinău. Chişinău: Centrul Editorial-Poligrafic al USM, 2023, p. 186. ISBN 978-9975-3430-9-1.
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Natural sciences in the dialogue of generations 2023
Conferința "Natural sciences in the dialogue of generations"
Chişinău, Moldova, 14-15 septembrie 2023

Elements of the evolution of agroecological potential of arable chernozem soils under climate change conditions

CZU: 631.147:631.31:631.445.4

Pag. 186-186

Stadnic Angela, Jigău Gheorghe
 
Moldova State University
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 19 octombrie 2023


Rezumat

In the current stage of anthropo-natural chernozemous pedogenesis, the direction and intensity of the typogenetic processes responsible for the agroecological environment are determined by the intercalated action of agrogenesis and climate changes involving an agro-climatic trend. Our research has shown that dehumidification, caused by the action of the specified factors, leads to the degradation of hydrophysical properties. Depending on the degree of their vulnerability to degradation in our research, the hydrophysical indices were divided into two groups: a) with a very low degree of vulnerability - the coefficient of hydroscopicity (CH) and the coefficient of wilting (CO) determined by factors with high stability over time (granulometric composition; mineralogical composition of the fine clay fraction); b) with a high degree of vulnerability - moisture breaking the capillary continuity (URC) and field capacity for water (CC) determined by the structural-aggregate composition, aggregate stability, volume and composition of the pore space. The degradation of the structural-aggregate composition and the reduction of the aggregate stability, as a result of dehumification, leads to the reduction of the total volume of the porous space and the volume of the capillary pores and the increase of the volume of the textural pores occupied by inactive water. This leads to the reduction of the field capacity for water and the increase of the moisture values of capillary continuity interruption. As a result, despite the fact that the wilting coefficient remains relatively constant, the optimum range for useful water (DOAU =CC-URC) and the range of useful water (DAU=URC-CO) are reduced in the soils. The cumulative effects of the specified changes are the cause of the establishment in the soils of a unidirectional trend of aridification of the active pedogenetic layer (Aph1+Aph2+AmBm). As a result, even in years with amounts of atmospheric precipitation corresponding to the multiannual norm, in the layer affected by aridification, there is a moisture deficit, practically, for the entire duration of the active vegetation period. The specified effects are intensified by the significant increase in water consumption during evapotranspiration caused by the reduction of the relative humidity of the air and its hot temperatures, but also by the 2-5oC increase in the soil temperature in the active pedogenetic layer. More vulnerable to the climatic-aridization process are soils with humus content <3.5%, content of agronomically valuable aggregates (10-0.25mm) below 60% and agronomically valuable "chernoziomic" aggregates (5-1 mm) below 40%. The aridification of the active pedogenetic layer is also caused by the change in the apparent density regime determined by the specifics of the atmospheric precipitation regime manifested in the increase in the frequency of short periods of time with abundant precipitation and long periods without precipitation but with hot temperatures.

Cuvinte-cheie
agroecological potential, structural-aggregate composition, aggregate stability, agronomically valuable structure, apparent density, total and differential porosity