Hydrocephalus is a complex disease of the brain, characterized by the accumulation of CSF within the ventricular system and a raised intracranial pressure as a result. The incidence of congenital hydrocephalus is estimated to be approximately three to fi ve case per 1000 births. Accumulation of an excess amount of CSF result in changes of intracranial pressure, cerebral circulation, brain metabolism and histologic findings. The development of computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging permit not only the diagnosis but is able to diagnose the underlying condition leading to hydrocephalus. The outcome of children with hydrocephalus improved considerably after valve regulated shunts was developed in early 1950s.Ventricular shunt catheter placement is a relatively common neurosurgical procedure performed for the treatment of hydrocephalus; other methods includes ventriculo atrial shunts and endoscopical procedures in selected cases. Despite of new technologies of diagnosis and treatment, hydrocephalus remains a serious illness affecting pediatric population and the morbidity and the mortality in hydrocephalus are mainly related to shunt procedure complication.