Romania has proved to be one of the first countries in the world, where ecology has entered and strengthened its positions after its founding by E. Haeckel. The credit belongs to his disciple and collaborator, Gr. Antipa, zoologist, ichthyologist, hydrobiologist, botanist, European-class economist, and last but not least, a world-renowned ecologist. Over the decades, the ecological researches in Romania have been organically integrated with those in the field of the protection of nature, the rational use of natural resources in the context of the sustainable development concept. Today, in Romania we have four scientific schools (centers) in the field of ecology and environmental protection: in Bucharest, Cluj, Iasi and Constanta, well-known and appreciated throughout the entire world.