Ștefan Bârsănescu (1895-1984) is included by modern history of pedagogy in the philosophical pedagogy, more precisely following the directions of the pedagogy of culture.The pedagogy of culture is rendered from a philosophical perspective. The term ”culture” is viewed in relation with German pedagogy, focused on Bildung idea - training through culture. It is the basic idea used by Ștefan Bârsănescu when analysing world and national history of pedagogy from an epistemological perspective. Its detailed study, conducted throughout his life, intended to emphasize, through striking methodological and informational ampleness, ”The Unity of Pedagogy as a Science” (Ștefan Bârsănescu, 1936, 1976). The exploration of Ștefan Bârsănescu’s work highlights and confirms his belonging to the Romanian interwar philosophical pedagogy. The synchronic historical/ chronological analysis, as well as the necessary synthesis, which can be conducted from a diachronic perspective of historical pedagogy (pedagogical ideas viewed epistemologically) offers the posibility of another interpretation from the point of view of the key concept that of culture. At this level, the most important pedagogical works, detailed epistemologically – historical and theoretical – were built directly or indirectly, longitudinally, horizontally, and transversally in relation with the concept of education perceived as traning through cultural values.