The mobility of students and teachers in a higher education system represents an indicator of its openness to international collaboration. Faced with significant economic problems, the communist bloc states made cuts in the budgets allocated for the network of tertiary education institutions. In this context, mobility was one of the principal ways of personal development in academia. It was of the paths to be part of flow of scientific information. The study aims to analyse how the signing of the Prague Convention, concluded on June 7, 1972, boosted mobility within the communist bloc. The analysis starts from an examination of the situation in Romania in the last two decades of the communist regime, being also investigated by the mobility flows between the academic environments in Eastern European countries. The study uses materials from the Archive of the Ministry of Education and Education, and from the Central Committee of the PCP.