The poorly studied issues related to the preparation of teachers for general education schools in the context of the tasks posed by the state for higher education institutions in the postwar years are considered. The Tiraspol State Teachers’ Institute, restored by the MSSR Government Decree of May 24, 1944, along with the rest educational institutions of higher education, was supposed to solve problems not only in the direction of teachers training, but to organize work on establishing a system of advanced training for teachers already who worked in the schools of the republic. The teacher institute in 1944-1946 activities specifics, which were determined by the postwar devastation and entailed serious problems of a material and technical nature (that is lack of facilities and educational equipment, lack of a library, etc.) are characterized here. A separate problem in the recruitment of students was the practical absence of young people with a secondary education, as well as the general low level of knowledge that was revealed in students accepted for study, which entailed deductions at the winter session of 1945.