The SME sector is one of the pillars of the national economy, as it ensures technological progress, regional development and ensures a competitive environment beneficial to evolution and progress. In addition, SMEs account for the largest share of the total number of enterprises. The aim of this paper is to present the current position of the SME sector in the Republic of Moldova in terms of strengths, vulnerabilities and how they can contribute to the development of the country. To obtain a complex analysis we used the comparison method, the logical analysis method and the scientific abstraction. Following the research we found that currently the SME sector enjoys increased attention of the state that intervened with several legislative changes whose effect remains to be seen, we found that, unfortunately, SMEs in Moldova have a much lower efficiency compared to the EU, and the subsequent integration of the national economy into the world economic system depends on the evolution of this SME sector.