One of the measures that enhance the production of biofuels is that all European Union Member-States should adopt measures that aim at replacing 20% of the classical sources of energy with renewable sources of energy by 2020. We should also replace 10% of all fossil fuels (gas and Diesel) with biological fuels by 2020. In this context, we have conducted a research regarding the increase of economic efficiency of agricultural farms through the cultivation of energetic plants and production of biofuels within a master programme at the Banat’s University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Timişoara, Romania. Theoretical and practical research focused mainly on the types of biofuels and energetic plants cultivated in Romania, on the calculus of crop economic efficiency, and on the assessment of development opportunities of technologies used in the production of biofuels from energetic plants cultivated on one’s own farm. The authors have reached the conclusion that energetic plants are a true alternative to the production of biofuels but the present legislation in the field and the market conditions in Romania do not allow the coverage of the production costs from the sale of biofuels; therefore, the authors recommend the production of biofuel by energetic plant growers and using it for consumption on their own farms as a way to increase the economic efficiency of their farms.