In the present times, a process of transition takes place from the unipolar world order, with the US hegemony, to the multipolar one, with China and Russia as emerging world powers. There is also an increased Turkish activity, which promotes a policy of pan-Turkism in Azerbaijan and in the Central Asian republics, but also a policy of panIslamism in the Arab states (especially in North Africa – for example in Libya). The tensions between the West (NATO and the EU) and the Russian Federation in the Eastern European region have a negative impact on the national security of the Republic of Moldova, which must find the optimal formula for ensuring its security.