Current frequent alternation of dry and wet periods is a justification for the elaboration of new climate indices that would take into account rainfall precarious aspect in the Republic of Moldova. In dry periods assessment is proposed Dry Periods Izu Index which illustrates the desertification degree in the Central and Southern part of the country, and Rainfall Excesses Ip Index, that expresses the degree of abundant rainfall in terms of floods risk. Using Geographical Information Systems, Izu and Ip cartographic models were developed, which illustrate the territories vulnerable to the desertification process and flooding risks.