In this article are analyzed the basic problems, that persist in front of Moldavian professional unions in conditions of transition to market economy and democracy. These problems were elucidated in processes of sociological researches among the representative professional unions of the Republic of Moldova. The authors analyzed and systematized the keys problems in 7 basic groups, with that the Moldavian professional union movement is colliding with on the crushing stage of the development of the Moldavian society, are showing the difficulty, the coating and the systematization of the function of the professional unions of the Republic of Moldova. Among the basic problems the authors are picking out next: the structure, the strategy, the systems, the values, the wage labors, the style of the leader, the personal. With this all the aspects of the modern activity of the professional unions are included. On taking a look on the theme authors are using largely the structural and functional analysis, the quantitative and the qualitative methods of the analyses. The real dignity of this material is that the obvious problems are the realized imagine of the representative professional unions. The article is full of the reach empirical material that is waiting for the future comprehending and generalizing.