Fossil Felidae of the genus Metailurus are widely known in Miocene deposits of Eurasia and Africa and were part of the Hipparion faunas of Vallesia and Turoly. The earliest finds of fossil Metailurus in the Republic of Moldova are known from the Vallesian Hipparion fauna of Calfa (Middle Sarmatian, Calfin faunal complex, MN9; 12.0-10.8 Ma) - Metailurus pamiri (Ozansoy, 1965). The material is represented by the right branch of the lower jaw of the juvenile with dp3-dp4, m1, and alveolus p2, as well as isolated teeth and postcranial skeleton bones. Metailurus cf. parvulus Hensel 1862, a characteristic species for the hipparion faunas of the Late Sarmatian (locality of Poksesti, Poksesti faunal complex, MN 10.7-8.7 Ma) and Meotis (Early to Middle Turonian) appears in Late Vallesian. Fossil material was found during excavations in Poksesti in 2012 and is represented by a complete lower jaw of an adult. Metailurus cf. parvulus is known from a number of localities of hypparion faunas of Meotis: M. cf. parvulus (=Machairodus schlosseri Weith.) from a locality near Cimislia (MN 12; 8.0 Ma) and M. parvulus (= Machairodus parvulus Hens.) from a locality near Taraclia (MN 12; 8.0 Ma). In the Early Pliocene the composition of faunal complexes significantly changes and the semi-sabre-toothed Felidae of the genus Metailurus are replaced by representatives of the genus Dinofelis, found in a number of localities of Pliocene age of the Republic of Moldova.