In the Research Institute of Field Crops "Selectia" special attention is paid to soybean plant breeding, because it is a source of raw material of great importance for the food industry due to the high content of protein and vegetable oil. The purpose of this paper is the study of the grain yield and quality of different registered soybean varieties, created during the last 15 years in the RIFC "Selectia", in the climatic conditions of 2013-2017. The basic method of plant breeding is the intraspecific hybridization. It should be mentioned in particular that the initial material used in plant breeding process does not certain genetically modified sources. For this study there were chosen 5 soybean varieties – Aura, Enigma, Deia, Moldovita and Igorina, registered in the Republic of Moldova, grown in the fields of comparative competition of the Laboratory of breeding and seeds production of leguminous crops of RIFC "Selectia". The crude protein content in the soybeans seeds was determined by the Kjeldahl method on apparatus Turbotherm type 10 of Gerhard Company and the oil content - by the method of extraction with organic solvents in the Soxlet type apparatus. The climatic conditions have influenced directly the production level of the plant. The highest performance of 2670 kg/ha of seeds was achieved in 2014 by the variety Igorina. This variety in the climatic conditions of the years 2013-2017 was recorded an average production of 1899 kg/ha. The quality properties of soybeans seeds are determined primarily by the content of crude protein and vegetable oil. It is known that the protein content in the soybean seeds negatively correlates with the level of seeds production, so we will analyze if this regularity will be confirmed in our study. In the years 2013 and 2014, when the climatic conditions was relatively favorable for plant development, the crude protein content in the seeds was higher in comparison to 2015-2017, so the conditions of water stress had a negative impact not only on the level of production, but also on the synthesis of protein substances. The highest crude protein content in seeds in 5-year average of 38,7% was recorded at the variety Deia. In general the lipid content in the soybeans seeds negatively correlates with the protein content. As the case of the synthesis and the accumulation of protein in favorable years 2013 and 2014, the oil content in the seeds was higher in the dry years. The maximal content of 21,0% of vegetable oil during the study was achieved in the conditions of the year 2015 by the variety Moldovita. The highest of 5-year average and also the more stable lipid content of 20,2% was accumulated by the seeds of variety Aura.