Food grain legumes such as dry bean and lentil have an undoubtful importance, both for their nutritional value as well as the positive impact on the environment and agronomic benefits. With all these advantages, using these crops in European and Romanian agriculture systems, is relatively low compared to other world. Molecular information about germplasm diversity and genetic relationships among cultivars is essential for the efficient utilization of plant genetic resources and could be an important tool in crop improvement strategies. This study was undertaken to evaluate genetic similarity and interrelationship among twenty common bean cultivars and among nine lentil genotypes using RAPD markers. Twenty primers were assayed and among them only eight have presented the polymorphic bands. Based on the analysis of genetic distance and similarity using RAPD markers and UPGMA algorithm were developed two dendrograms that have been differentiated genotypes into two main clusters for each crop. The common bean genotypes were clustered according to the seed size, maturity and type of growth, and lentil genotypes according to their geographical origin and maturity. The similarity values found were higher than 70% for lentil, suggesting that genetic diversity between lentil genotypes analyzed are relatively low. Genetic similarity in bean genotypes vary greatly (44% - 96%), depending on the pairs of genotypes, on the subgroups and groups. In the future bean and lentil breeding programs, crosses between genotypes from these two clusters might lead to high heterosis.