The sharp increase in fuel prices, the reserves of which are depleting, and the global warming, caused by the greenhouse gases emitted from burning fossil fuels, make the mankind search new, stable, environmentally friendly and advantageous energy sources. The complex problems of the development of renewable energy have become a global political dimension, which determines the orientation of research and innovation policy towards identifying new plant species by analyzing productivity, environmental impact, economic efficiency and ensuring that the food supply of population is not affected. For biomass production at industrial scale, the most efficient crops that are tolerant to harmful factors, use to a great extent the photosynthetically active solar energy during the vegetation period, accumulate a considerable amount of dry matter and demand optimal expenses for establishment and low expenses for maintenance, harvesting and processing should be selected and implemented. Mobilization, acclimatization and exploitation of plant resources for biofuel production are a new research direction within the Botanical Garden. As a result of researches on mobilization, the collection of energy plants species (crops) has been founded. It is enriching on the basis of species with multiple use from the collections and exhibitions of the Botanical Garden (I) ASM and due to international exchange of seeds. Currently, 68 taxa of 7 families are studied:  family Poaceae Barnh. ( Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult,  Agropyron sibiricum (Willd.) P. Beauv, Arundo donax  L., Dactylis glomerata L., Eleusine coracana Gaerth , Festuca arundinacea Schreb.,  Miskanthus giganteus, Miskanthus sinensis Andersson, Setaria italica P. Beauv,  Sorghum almum Parodi, Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench.);  family Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl Dumort (Cynara scolymus L., Helianthus tuberosus L., Helianthus tuberosus L.x H.annus L., Inula helenium L., Silphium perfoliatum L., Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L.Nesom); family Polygonaceae Juss.( Polygonum sachalinense F. Schmidt, Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. and Zucc,., the hybrid Rumex tianschanicus Losinsk. X Rumex patientia L.); family Fabaceae Lindl. (Astragalus galegiformis L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Galega orientalis Lam., Medicago sativa L., Robinia pseudoacacia L.); family Malvaceae Juss.( Sida hermaphrodita Rusby, Malva crispa L., Malva verticillata L.); family Papaveraceae Juss.( Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br); family Salicaceae Mirb.( Salix sp., Populus sp.).  As a result of evaluation of agro biological peculiarities, determination of the biochemical composition, physical and mechanical properties of biomass, valuable species, adapted to the conditions of our country, have been identified:  for production of solid biofuel (briquettes, pellets), potential of energy production of 240-500 GJ/ha (Astragalus galegiformis, Miskanthus giganteus, Polygonum sachalinense, the hybrid Rumex tianschanicus x Rumex patientia, Sida hermaphrodita, Helianthus tuberosus, Silphium perfoliatum, Sorghum almum, Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix sp., Populus sp., Macleaya cordata, Inula helenium);  for production of biogas – of 6-16 thousand m3/ha, equivalent to 38 thousand m3 natural gas (Silphium perfoliatum, Polygonum sachalinense, Helianthus tuberosus, Sida hermaphrodita, Festuca arundinacea, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Galega orientalis, Medicago sativa); for production of bioethanol (Helianthus tuberosus, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Inula helenium). The gene pool of energy plants species of the Botanical Garden (Institute) of the ASM was presented in the International Scientific Symposiums: “Conservation of  plant diversity” Chisinau, Republic of Moldova (2012, 2014), “Prospects for the Third Millennium Agriculture” Cluj Napoca Romania (2013, 2014, 2015); the International Conferences: “Non-traditional, New and Forgotten Plant Species: Scientific and Practical Aspects of Cultivation” Kyiv, Ukraine(2013),  “Agriculture for life, life for agriculture" Bucharest, Romania (2014,2015) “Trends in the European Agriculture Development” Timisoara, Romania (2015), International Scientific Congress “Life sciences, a challenge for the future ”  Iaşi,  Romania (2014), at the International Exhibition Euroinvent Iaşi, Romania (2014, 2015), at the Exhibitions of IEC MOLDEXPO “Made in Moldova”( 2013, 2014, 2015) and “BIOFORUM” (2014).  The maintenance and enrichment of collection of energy plants species of the Botanical Garden (Institute) of the ASM are necessary in order to ensure the energy security of the Republic of Moldova, the recovery of eroded and polluted soils. The gene pool of energy plants species is used in the researches on acclimatization and improvement and the obtained results – in production of high quality material for foundation of industrial plantations. The results of this research are also useful for students and economic agents working in the field of production and use of biofuel in various forms.