At present, one of the most pressing environmental challenges is the rapid reduction in the distribution and the complete disappearance of many plant species. In this regard, the need to develop methods for the preservation and maintenance of biological diversity in situ and ex situ is all the more urgent. In the last decade, in the world, there has been a tendency to use for the protection of plant resources, biotechnological methods, based on the cultivation of cells, tissues and organs of plants under controlled conditions in vitro. These techniques are part of an overall strategy for conservation of the gene pool of plants, and they also provide an opportunity for sustainable management of genetic resources [1]. Using an in vitro system in comparison with the traditional methods of maintaining collections of plants has many advantages: high rates of reproduction; miniaturization process, leading to savings of areas occupied by uterine and propagated plants; improvement of planting material from nematodes, fungi and bacteria that cause plant diseases; the possibility of long-term deposit of samples with less deposit. In the in vitro conditions, fail to propagate and instill those plants that are difficult to reproduce in the traditional way.  Micropropagation protocols developed for several thousand plants, including rare and endangered ones, are the basis for the successful introduction in culture, breeding and conservation in the bank of in vitro cultures of new models [2, 3]. For example, in the collection of the Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew, UK), in the bank, over 3 thousand taxa, most of which are rare and endangered species, are maintained in vitro. [4] The phenomenon of the rapid increase of the numbers of species of plants on the verge of extinction is also registered in the Republic of Moldova. Thus, if the first edition of the Red Book (1978) included 26 species of superior plants, endangered and critically endangered, the second edition of the Red Book (2001) comprised 126 species of plants on the verge of extinction; the present edition of the red book includes 208 species of plants. The number of endangered species is growing so you need to use modern and effective methods for their conservation. [5]. Using the method of tissue culture in the laboratory of Biotechnology and Embryology at the Botanical Garden (Institute) of the ASM, it has been created a collection of three rare species of spontaneous flora of the Republic of Moldova, of which Bellevalia sarmatica and Fritillaria Montana, which are included in the Red Book, and Lilium martagon – a species with rare and decorative appearance. Efficient technologies have been developed on micropropagation and long-term storage of these species in an in vitro culture, improved technology of adaptation of regenerated plants to growing conditions ex vitro. The results of the research are the basis for the creation of collections in vitro, conservation of plants and their rapid reproduction [6, 7].