The progress of viticulture, one of the traditional and important economic branches of agroindustrial complex in the Republic of Moldova, is indispensably linked with the diversity of genetic resources – the basis for creating a competitive assortment with improved quality/productivity, seedlessness, diverse direction of use, including technological processing, advanced biological resistance to stressful factors [1, 4, 5]. Genotypic diversity of family Vitaceae Juss., as a whole and, in particular, of the genus Vitis L., including various species [6], gives us this possibility. Species Vitis vinifera L., the most widespread due to its practical use, includes, as classified by Negrul’ [8], three ecological groups (proles) - Proles occidentalis Negr., Proles orientalis Negr. and Proles pontica Negr., diverse by geographic origin, morphological and agro-biological characteristics. The accumulation and preservation of this wide diversity, its evaluation and use in the Republic of Moldova has a history of nearly two centuries and the greatest diversity is ascertained in so called "old"  Ampelographic collection, founded in 1952, and in the current grapevine Gene pool, founded in 1982 [7, 9, 4]. The biological material was mobilized from about 60 viticulture centers from all over the world [9]. From literature sources, genetic sources with necessary traits were located: diverse direction of use, inclusive seedlessness , early ripening, increased resistance to disease and cold, as well as with possible combinations of these characteristics. Expeditions were conducted in India, Kopet-Dag mountains (Turkmenistan), USA. Over the past 30 years in the Institute’s Gene pool were introduced more than 1100 genotypes, diverse by genotypic origin and characteristics [4, 5]. Along with V.vinifera L. species, which numerically is best represented (approx. 92% from all accessions) also are presented the samples belonging to other species of the genus Vitis L.: V. aestivalis Michx., V. californica Benth., V. candicans Engelm., V. Lincecumii Buckl., V. sylvestris Gmel. etc. The species V. labrusca L. is represented by more than 50 varieties, mostly with mixed use. In Gene pool is presented a wide range of direct producer hybrids and interspecific hybrids of third generation (Seibel and Seyve Villard) as well as about 80 rootstock genotypes.  A valuable genetic potential, partially known on phenotype level, represents the old autochthonous varieties. Some of them manifested by centuries high adaptability to local environmental conditions, most are characterized by increased levels of production [2]. Comparative anatomical studies of several species and varieties from the Gene pool have revealed some adaptive characters of resistance to phylloxera, frost and drought, including of some old autochthonous varieties [3]. Accumulated genetic resources with complex characteristics allow creation of varieties with diversity of quality/productivity, adaptability and resistance to unfavorable factors [5]. One of the requirements to the Gene pool is to ensure the presence of genetic material that not only meets current requirements, but future ones that may arise as a result of influence of anthropogenic and natural factors.