Agricultural crops, actually cultivated in Moldova, present strong shortages in terms of using thoroughly and efficiently natural, technological and social factors and fail to satisfy all the requirements of the country. Testing out and implementing new crops offer new possibilities of improving the agribusiness.  Currently Moldova is importing over 90% of energy resources, though it could cover at least 50% of energy needs from renewable bioenergy sources, produced in agriculture. In order to generate bioenergy resources, it is necessary to perform a selection and promotion of special crops, highly efficient in intercepting and exploiting 5-6% of photosynthetically active radiation, whilst the current crops are barely using 1-2% of photosynthetically active radiation. There are many energy intended crops that may be cultivated in Moldova. Amid these crops, the most attractive and efficient is the Jerusalem artichoke, that assimilates 2-3 times more energy than any other crop cultivated in Moldova. In the last decade, this crop is intensively studied and implemented in many countries.  In Moldova, Jerusalem artichoke was introduced more than 200 years ago, cultivated on small individual parcels, processed for nutriment and cattle feed. As an energy crop, the Jerusalem artichoke never presented an object of studies.  Based on the exceptional productivity and adaptability of this crop, its versatile use and economic efficiency, the cultivation of the Jerusalem artichoke on a large scale will benefit the agriculture, especially the renewable bioenergy production sector. The implementation is futile without the promotion of highly efficient varieties and production of seeding material.  In last 7 years (2009-2015), we have realised a modest breeding and selection program of most important samples (genotypes) from local populations along with samples from cultivation areas. 58 samples were studied, selected and tested – 28, tested in field trials – the best 8 samples. The program resulted in the selection and homologation of 2 varieties, displaying high productivity, adaptability, stability and homogeneity. In the period of 2011-2014, the average production of tubers was 67.4 metric tons/hectare (MT/ha), plus 54.71 MT/ha of green mass.   At the yield of 100 MT/ha of biomass, 1 ha of Jerusalem artichoke can assure the production of 10 metric tons (MT) of bioethanol, 20000 m3 of biogas, 20-22 MT of nutritive units, 7.8-10 MT of fructose.  The energetic efficiency of Jerusalem artichoke outrivals by far the production of other crops and is defined by the improved use of photosynthetically active radiation – up to 5-6%, compared with 1-2% for corn, sugar beet and other crops.  The Jerusalem artichoke, aside its high productivity, holds many other advantages: can be cultivated on salinized soil, can be cultivated herbicide free, tubers may survive cold temperatures down to -200C (in soil), can be used as soilage, in human nutriment, for pharmaceutical purposes and as a fructose source.  The introduction of Jerusalem artichoke as a crop will bring multiple benefits in agriculture, especially in the production and usage of biomass as a source of energy.