This study aims to present the main theoretical and practical aspects of ensuring the equality of arms in the civil trial, the issue being approached in a distinct manner, both in terms of functional mechanism of justice, as well as from the perspective of the litigant. In this context, the research pays a particular attention to organizational, functional and economic obstacles and violations relying to the posibilities to exercise the rights derived from this principle. The issues outlined in this study paper are useful in reforming the judiciary domain, accompanied by international standards presented in exercise of the right to a fair trial and equality of arms in particular.