The term „diaspora” has been in vogue for twenty years, certainly more in English than in French literature. However, the meaning of this word does not cease to oscillate in history, so if a diaspora is a sociological reality, it is necessary to identify the parameters and processes that define it.  In Republic of Moldova, there is often talk of the existence of a Moldavian diaspora, but the phenomenon is still much unknown. This article deals with the versions that are divulged in favor of the questions on the status of cultural minorities and the globalization of trade since the 1980s. We will try to establish the specific criteria for this phenomenon and to pre- present the most important classifications as well as reflecting on the importance of diaspora for the country of origin.