Due to its geographical position, landscape and socio-economic specificity, Republic of Moldova is extremely vulnerable to climate change. This vulnerability manifests in numerous economic sectors, including forestry. Climatic change features have been identified by studying the trends and variability of the basic climatic indicators. The study of the mean annual temperatures and precipitations have revealed that between 1887 and 2013 the average annual temperature had increased by 1.01°C and the average annual precipitation had increased between 1891 and 2010 with 54.74 mm (MENR 2013). Future evolution of temperature and precipitations, as they have been modeled by the National Climate Change Office (as part of the global climatic model developed as a part of the 5th part of the CMIP5) shows that by 2100 Moldova will confront with the most significant temperature increase during the summer, from +5,9°C in the North up to +6,1°C in the South. The warming may be higher during the winter, from +4.2°C in the South up to la +4,6°C in the North. The same projections envisaged that the level of annual average precipitations will diminish with an average of 9.9% in the North and 13.4 % in the South. By the end of XXI century, the winters will become more humid and summers will become dryer (MENR, 2013). European forests are subject to multiple pressures and can suffer from a series of damages from biotic and abiotic sources (WB, 2015). Nevertheless, it is almost impossible to establish how much of the impact is attributable to recent anthropogenic climate changes and how much is attributable to other factors: natural climatic changes, management measures implemented in the past, etc. Furthermore, the impact of climate change, which will have a clear latitudinal effect through the increase of temperatures and drought in southern Europe, is already noticeable in the altitudinal gradient. Species at the lower altitudes of mountains in Europe are already suffering from decreased precipitation and increased temperature (MOTIVE and Trees4Future FP7). Therefore, the immediate effect that climate change signals is the shift in the range of suitability for forest tree species across Europe. (Hanewinkel et al., 2012; WB, 2012). Climate change will influence the moisture conditions in forests through changes in both temperature and precipitation patterns (WB, 2012). As the temperature increases, water loss through evapo-transpiration increases, resulting in drier conditions. Higher temperatures also tend to decrease the efficiency of water use by plants (WB, 2012). The potential lack of summer precipitation with consequent droughts is the main constraint factor on forest growth and productivity. Temperature increase and changes in precipitation are the main factors predisposing forests to various insect pests and fungal diseases (MENR, 2013). The changed conditions may also determine unpredictable evolutions of insects and fungi populations. The demand of water during the growing season is normally larger than the amount of rainfall. This indicates that if temperature increase is not coinciding with increased rainfall, water could limit growth to an even larger extent than today (MENR, 2013). The impact on individual tree species can be either negative or positive depending on the site conditions and regional climate changes (WB, 2012) In the last decade, indicators regarding the possible effect of climate change on Moldovan forests become obvious: in 2007 severe drought affected more than 80% of the country. This phenomenon brought considerable prejudices on approximately 19,000 ha or 5.5% of the forest land in the country, especially in southern and central Moldova. The drought affected about 20 species both native and non-native: common oak, sessile oak, pubescent oak, ash, sycamore, black locust, birch, pine, black pine. The most affected species was the black locust, 71% of affected areas being covered with this species (MENR, 2016). The drought in 2007 will have long term effects, its consequences being visible for many years to come. For the forestry sector the following identified risks are considered to be high priority (MENR 2013): i) negative consequences for species sensitive to temperature changes; ii) changes in the regeneration rate; iii) changes in species sensitivity to water shortages; iv) changes in individual tree density; v) changes in the phytosanitary conditions; vi) changes in species composition; vii) possible increase in tree mortality. There is one opportunity associated with climate impacts on forest sector: increase in biomass production. The current and planned research includes topics related to seedlings adaptation, biotic and abiotic damages, biological diversity (especially genetic diversity), protection functions of the forests as well as adapting forestry techniques and operations. Measures at forest stand level (regeneration, forest operations, harvesting) aim to reduce the risks of negative abiotic (fire, winds, drought) and biotic negative effects. Building stabile and diversified forests should be a continuous measure, planned for improving forest stands stability by selecting correct species, origins and genotypes. Development and keeping diversified forests able to adapt to climate changes is a significant challenge and will need measures that include research in species selection, adaptive provenances as well as genetic research applied to native species.