The communication process is defined in extremely nuanced ways, as communication is viewed from a certain perspective of research: philosophical, sociological, psychological, pedagogical, social psychology, information theory, linguistics. Communication involves the transmission of information, existing to a message emitted and received through the use of included symbols, human interrelation and mutual influence, thus being a complex process and of great amplitude, and competence designates the ability to achieve something right, useful. Education focused on competence training presupposes the presentation of theoretical notions, cultivation and consolidation based on concrete activity, motivation and attitudes, rules and practical principles of approaching and solving different problems. Effective, full participation of pupils in the development, adoption and implementation of their own decisions within the structures of today's society has led to a broad educational action for participation, cultivation of skills and competences in everyday social life. Students with mental disabilities have a certain communication competence and each of its components (linguistic, strategic, socio-pragmalingistic) is present in the child's communication, depending on the background, the organization and development of communication in the residential institution, and the severity disability and awareness.