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![]() SKORIC, Dragan, SAKAC, Zvonimir, DEMURIN, Yakov. Genetic variability of oil quality components in sunflower as a function of developing hybrids with novel oiL. In: Buletinul Academiei de Ştiinţe a Moldovei. Ştiinţele vieţii, 2015, nr. 2(326), pp. 138-146. ISSN 1857-064X. |
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Buletinul Academiei de Ştiinţe a Moldovei. Ştiinţele vieţii | ||||||
Numărul 2(326) / 2015 / ISSN 1857-064X | ||||||
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CZU: 575:633.854.78 | ||||||
Pag. 138-146 | ||||||
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Rezumat | ||||||
Sunflower is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and its oil is one of the highest quality vegetable oils. Oil quality is determined by the fatty acid composition, tocopherol content and type, phytosterols, carotenoids, and some other compounds. Standard sunflower oil contains linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic fatty acids as well as several other fatty acids that are found in traces. The objective of this paper was to make a review of the genetic variability of oil quality components in sunflower using own results and those of other authors. Standard sunflower oil is linoleic in type, but using induced mutations genotypes have been developed that have high levels of oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids, and the mode of inheritance of these traits (gene number and type) has been determined. Also, some results have been achieved in the study of the mode of inheritance at the molecular level using marker genes. Standard sunflower oil contains predominantly alpha tocopherols (>95%). Using spontaneous mutations the genes tph1, tph2, and tph1tph2 have been discovered that control different levels of alpha, beta, gamma, and delta tocopherols. Also, Spanish researchers used induced mutations to obtain mutants with high levels of beta and delta tocopherols. In one of our own studies, the restorer line RHA-S-59 was found to contain only gamma tocopherol (100%), while 20 other restorer lines had only alpha tocopherol (100%). It has been scientifically proven that phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, and beta-sitosterol) also play an important role in determining oil quality and that different genotypes have different levels of these substances.It has been shown that in genotypes that have high levels of oleic acid coupled with high levels of beta, gamma, or delta tocopherol a certain synergy occurs that increases oxi stability up to 15 times compared to standard sunflower oil. Using the existing genetic variability of components that determine oil quality it is possible to develop sunflower hybrids with novel oil. Thus far, the most has been done in the development of high-oleic hybrids. 39 references, 6 tables. |
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Cuvinte-cheie fatty acids, oil quality, phytosterols, sunflower, tocopherols. |
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