One of the basic principles of international relations is the principle of good neighborly relations between states. The USSR collapse initiated entailed serious geopolitical changes in the world including South-East Europe. Moldo-va enunciated the course to the european integration. After accusation of inde-pendence having broken diplomatic relations with the ex-partners including Ru-ssia. Moldova again started to establish relations with Russia in the middle of nineties. In the 2001 Russia and Moldova concluded the Treaty of friendship and collaboration, which is the legal foundation of the diplomatic relations bet-ween these states. In the modern stage of the development of relation between Russia and Moldova demonstrates that Russia is the most important partner for Moldova in economic, political, cultural and other spheres. Moldova course to the European integration doesn't exclude the successful collaboration with the partners outside of EU, especially with Russia. In the future relations between Moldova and Russia will develop in the framework of multilateral (CIS) and bi-lateral relations. In the triangle «Moldova – EU – Russia» should keep in the consistent system of the national interests, conservation of sovereignty and ter-ritorial integrity of the country, sensible pragmatism in the foreign policy.