The storage potential of seed samples of the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) collection for ex situ conservation in the gene bank of plants was investigated. The storage potential of seeds for their medium – term storage in the plant genetic bank was determined according to various morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of sesame seeds and seedlings. The results obtained demonstrate the individual response of the organism to the accelerated seed ageing conditions. The experiments revealed the specificity of the ageing conditions of these crops, as well as the resistance of the samples to the action of environmental stress factors. As a result, genotypes showing high resistance to the action of high temperatures were highlighted. Based on the results obtained, a grading of sesame samples was carried out, which allowed to highlight genotypes with high and medium seed storage potential. The accelerated seed ageing method can be applied to determine the longevity of seeds stored for a long time. Determination of seed storage potential allows to indicate which genotypes require more frequent seed reproduction for a safe storage for a determined period.