Objectives. The objective of this study was to reveal the relationship between the therapy with bacteriophages (phages) in different environments and on different subjects and antibiotic resistance (AR) in order to identify the best evidence that would support interventions with phages to reduce AR. Material and methods. To identify the relevant open and free access publications from the last 5 years, the PubMed and Scopus databases were accessed, using the following keywords: antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, bacteriophages, phage therapy. The study was carried out within the JPIAMR multilateral project 22.80013.8007.1M "Phage treatment and wetland technology as intervention strategy to prevent dissemination of antibiotic resistance in surface waters (PhageLand)". Results. Therapies with lytic bacteriophages have gained much attention in recent years, as lytic phages have the demonstrated ability to kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the increased interest on this subject being argued by a large number of publications. There are more articles with results of preclinical studies and case reports relating the beneficial effect of phage therapy in various infectious diseases, caused by E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, etc., but the route of phage administration, type and properties of phage used vary, which does not allow us to make a unique conclusion. However, the evaluations done in recent years provide evidence that if the therapy is targeted, then the benefits are essential, as already demonstrated in preclinical studies when the reduction or prevention of colonization with virulent bacteria was observed without affecting the normal natural flora of the environment under investigation. Many studies in humans have reported that phage therapy was given in combination with antibiotic therapy, which has caused significant limitations in making favorable conclusions regarding the efficacy of phages alone. One of the restrictions in the studies reported by the investigators is the development of resistance to phage treatment. But another research perspective illustrates that even situations when bacterial resistance to phages develops are potentially beneficial, in the context of reducing antibiotic resistance, as it was concluded that in these situations the virulence of bacteria can be reduced, as well as increased sensitivity to antibiotics can be observed. At the same time, some data refer to the fact that the administered antibiotics could potentiate the action of phages and, in this way, the phenomenon of AR would decrease. Conclusions. In these times when antibiotic resistance is on the rise and the development of new antibacterials is very slow, research using lytic phages that have a bactericidal effect represents an opportunity to identify ways to combat the AR phenomenon. Since there is currently no consensus regarding this type of intervention, further research is required.