Sustainable economic growth and the competitiveness of the national economy are determined by regional competitiveness, and its instruments are clustering and creation and development of the economic agglomerations. Economic agglomerations concentrate the basic factors that create sustainable added value in the new economy – the intellectual potential and the ability to innovate. In the article, we claim that clustering and the creation and development of economic agglomerations can accelerate the economic growth of the Republic of Moldova and increase the national economy competitiveness. The role of centralized policies, actions and instruments in this process is very limited and does not guarantee success, while regional and local ones are extremely important, as they establish certain (basic) conditions – framework. Economic agglomerations and clusters as engines of regional competitiveness have both advantages and disadvantages. In the article, we analyse the determining factors of the competitiveness of the economic agglomerations, as well as research the impact of regional and central clustering policies on the sustainable development of the national economy. The Republic of Moldova announced a course towards developing the competitiveness of the economic agglomerations by capitalizing on the competitive advantages of the regions of the national economy. In the article, we show the opportunities and limitations faced by regional authorities in the absence of framework conditions for ensuring the competitiveness of the economic agglomerations.