The article considers the mythological aspect of the fairy tales of Bulgarians of the Republic of Moldova and of Ukraine. Mythological creatures and objects of ritual and symbolic significance reflect the mythological aspect of these fairy tales. Mythological creatures are a Bulgarian ethnic element and are inscribed in the system of relations between the earthly, human and other worlds. In terms of their symbolic and ritual significance, mythological creatures and objects with mythological connotations are found both among the Bulgarians of Moldova and of Ukraine, and among other ethnic groups of the Balkan region. Mythological representations, in the studied fairy tales, demonstrate the transmission of a deep ethnic cultural code through its preservation in folklore texts, which contain minor modifications related to the living conditions in the new region, Bessarabia.