Through the complex and differentiated field of mental illnesses, the aim of the paper is to examine, from a bioethical and deontological point of view, the critical aspects regarding the psychiatric care of the mentally ill. The bioethical perspective from which the analysis starts is that of a treatment of people with mental illnesses, which integrates "care", centered on the neurobiological components underlying the disease, and "care" of the person's suffering and needs. This involves questioning both the principles of clinical bioethics and social responsibility towards the persistent phenomena of stigma and discrimination, the lack of inclusion and the incomplete recognition of fundamental human rights, as there is still a gap to cover between the ideal model of care of the person with mental disorders, which emerges in all its centrality, even from the action plans regarding mental health, proposed by the World Health Organization at different levels and the concreteness of the practice.